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Table
of Contents > Depletions
> Antidiabetic Medications,Biguanides
| Antidiabetic Medications |
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| Biguanides |
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| Depletions |
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| Vitamin
B9 (Folic Acid) |
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Low levels of folic acid have been linked to
anemia, heart disease, and birth defects.
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| Vitamin
B12 (Cobalamin) |
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Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency
are rare because it takes years to develop
complications associated with long-term depletion
of this nutrient. Irritability, weakness,
numbness, anemia, loss of appetite, headache,
personality changes, and confusion are some of the
signs and symptoms associated with vitamin B12
depletion. Low levels of this vitamin may also be
associated with an increased risk of colon cancer,
heart disease, brain disorders, and birth defects.
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| Editorial Note |
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The selected depletions information presented
here identifies some of the nutrients that may be
depleted by certain medications. The signs and
symptoms associated with nutrient deficiency may
also indicate conditions other than nutrient
deficiency. If you are experiencing any of the
signs or symptoms mentioned, it does not
necessarily mean that you are nutrient deficient.
Nutrient depletion depends upon a number of
factors, including your medical history, diet, and
lifestyle as well as the length of time you have
been taking the medication. Please consult your
healthcare provider; he or she can best assess and
address your individual healthcare needs, and
determine if you are at risk for nutrient
depletions from these medications as well as
others not listed here.
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| Supporting Research |
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Adams JF, Clark JS, Ireland JT, et al.
Malabsorption of vitamin B12 and intrinsic factor
secretion during biguanide therapy. Diabetologia.
1983;24(1):16-18.
Ames BN. Micronutrient deficiencies: A major
cause of DNA damage. Ann NY Acad Sci.
2000;889:87-106.
Berger W. Incidence of severe side effects
during therapy with sulfonylureas and biguanides. Horm
Metab Res Suppl. 1985;15:111-115.
Carlsen SM, Folling I, Grill V, et al.
Metformin increases total and serum homocysteine
levels in non-diabetic male patients with coronary
heart disease. Scand J Clin Lab Invest.
1997;57(6):521-527.
Carpentier JL, Bury J, Luyckx A, Lefebvre P.
Vitamin B12 and folic acid serum levels in
diabetics under various therapeutic regimens. Diabetes
Metab. 1976;2(4):187-190.
Covington T, ed. Nonprescription Drug
Therapy Guiding Patient Self-Care. St. Louis,
Mo: Facts and Comparisons; 1999: 467-545.
Rieder HP, Berger W, Fridrich R. [Vitamin
status in diabetic neuropathy]. Z
Ernahrungswiss. 1980;19(1):1-13.
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| Review Date: October
2000 |
Reviewed By: All
depletions monographs have been reviewed by a team
of experts including Derrick M. DeSilva, Jr., MD,
Raritan Bay Medical Center, Perth Amboy, NJ;
Jacqueline A. Hart, MD, Department of Internal
Medicine, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Harvard
University and Senior Medical Editor, A.D.A.M.,
Inc., Boston, MA; John Hinze, PharmD, NMD,
Woodbine, IA; Ruth Marlin, MD, Medical Director
and Director of Medical Education, Preventive
Medicine Research Institute, Sausalito, CA; Brian
T Sanderoff, PD, BS in Pharmacy, Clinical
Assistant Professor, University of Maryland School
of Pharmacy; President, Your Prescription for
Health, Owings Mills, MD; Leonard Wisneski, MD,
FACP, George Washington University, Rockville, MD;
Ira Zunin, MD, MPH, MBA, President and Chairman,
Hawaii State Consortium for Integrative Medicine,
Honolulu, HI.
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Copyright © 2004 A.D.A.M., Inc
The publisher does
not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of
the information or the consequences arising from
the application, use, or misuse of any of the
information contained herein, including any injury
and/or damage to any person or property as a
matter of product liability, negligence, or
otherwise. No warranty, expressed or implied, is
made in regard to the contents of this material.
No claims or endorsements are made for any drugs
or compounds currently marketed or in
investigative use. This material is not intended
as a guide to self-medication. The reader is
advised to discuss the information provided here
with a doctor, pharmacist, nurse, or other
authorized healthcare practitioner and to check
product information (including package inserts)
regarding dosage, precautions, warnings,
interactions, and contraindications before
administering any drug, herb, or supplement
discussed herein.
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