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| Cardiovascular
Medications |
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| Vasodilators |
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| Depletions |
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| Coenzyme
Q10 |
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A deficiency of the antioxidant coenzyme Q10 may be
associated with long-term conditions including heart disease and
high blood pressure. Symptoms of deficiency include gingivitis,
and weakened immune function.
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| Magnesium |
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Magnesium deficiency affects calcium and vitamin D levels in
the blood and may be associated with muscle cramps, heart
irregularities, high blood pressure, diabetes, and osteoporosis
(bone loss).
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| Vitamin
B6 (Pyridoxine) |
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Symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency may include
weakness, nervousness, insomnia, mental confusion, irritability,
and anemia. Long-term low levels of this nutrient may also
increase the risk of heart disease as well as colon and prostate
cancers.
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| Editorial Note |
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The selected depletions information presented here identifies
some of the nutrients that may be depleted by certain
medications. The signs and symptoms associated with nutrient
deficiency may also indicate conditions other than nutrient
deficiency. If you are experiencing any of the signs or symptoms
mentioned, it does not necessarily mean that you are nutrient
deficient. Nutrient depletion depends upon a number of factors,
including your medical history, diet, and lifestyle as well as
the length of time you have been taking the medication. Please
consult your healthcare provider; he or she can best assess and
address your individual healthcare needs, and determine if you
are at risk for nutrient depletions from these medications as
well as others not listed here.
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| Supporting Research |
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Ames BN. Micronutrient deficiencies: A major cause of DNA
damage. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2000;889:87-106.
Cashman K, Flynn A. Optimal nutrition: calcium, magnesium and
phosphorus. Proc Nutr Soc. 1999;58:477-487.
Chan A, Reichmann H, Kogel A, et al. Metabolic changes in
patients with mitochondrial myopathies and effects of coenzyme
Q10 therapy. J Neurol. 1998;245(10):681
Covington T, ed. Nonprescription Drug Therapy Guiding
Patient Self-Care. St Louis, MO: Facts and Comparisons;
1999:467-545.
Folkers K, Morita M, McRee J Jr. The activities of coenzyme
Q10 and vitamin B6 for immune responses. Biochem Biophys Res
Commun. 1993; 28(19391):88
Kamikawa T, Kobayashi A, Yamashita T, et al. Effects of
coenzyme Q10 on exercise tolerance in chronic stable angina
pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 1985;56(4):247
Munkholm H, Hansen HH, Rasmussen K. Coenzyme Q10 treatment in
serious heart failure. Biofactors.1999;9(2)
Nakamura R, Littarru GP, Folkers R, et al. Study of
CoQ10-enzymes in gingiva from patients with periodontal disease
and evidence for a deficiency of coenzyme Q10. Proc Natl Acad
SciUSA. 1974;71(4):1456-1460.
National Research Council. Recommended Dietary Allowances.
10th ed. Washington, DC: National Academy Press;
1989.
Raskin NH.and Rishman RA. Pyridoxine-deficiency neuropathy
due to hydralazine. N Engl J Med. 1965;273:1182-1185.
Roe, D.A. Diet and Drug Interactions. New York, Van
Nostrand Reinhold, p. 150, 1989.
Singh RB, Niaz MA, Rastogi SS, et al. Effect of hydrosoluble
coenzyme Q10 on blood pressure and insulin resistance in
hypertensive patients with coronary heart disease. J Hum
Hypertens. 1999;13(3):203
Singh RB, Wander GS, Rastogi A, et al. Randomized,
double-blind placebo-controlled trial of coenzyme Q10 in
patients with acute myocardial infarction. Cardiovasc Drugs
Ther. 1998;12(4):347-353.
Wilson JD. Vitamin deficiency and excess. In: Fauci AS,
Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, et al, eds. Harrison's
Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th ed. New
York: McGraw-Hill Companies Health Professional Division;
1998:483-485.
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| Review Date: October
2000 |
Reviewed By: All
depletions monographs have been reviewed by a team of experts
including Derrick M. DeSilva, Jr., MD, Raritan Bay Medical
Center, Perth Amboy, NJ; Jacqueline A. Hart, MD, Department of
Internal Medicine, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Harvard University
and Senior Medical Editor, A.D.A.M., Inc., Boston, MA; John
Hinze, PharmD, NMD, Woodbine, IA; Ruth Marlin, MD, Medical
Director and Director of Medical Education, Preventive Medicine
Research Institute, Sausalito, CA; Brian T Sanderoff, PD, BS in
Pharmacy, Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Maryland
School of Pharmacy; President, Your Prescription for Health,
Owings Mills, MD; Leonard Wisneski, MD, FACP, George Washington
University, Rockville, MD; Ira Zunin, MD, MPH, MBA, President
and Chairman, Hawaii State Consortium for Integrative Medicine,
Honolulu, HI.
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Copyright © 2004 A.D.A.M., Inc
The publisher does not accept any
responsibility for the accuracy of the information or the
consequences arising from the application, use, or misuse of any
of the information contained herein, including any injury and/or
damage to any person or property as a matter of product
liability, negligence, or otherwise. No warranty, expressed or
implied, is made in regard to the contents of this material. No
claims or endorsements are made for any drugs or compounds
currently marketed or in investigative use. This material is not
intended as a guide to self-medication. The reader is advised to
discuss the information provided here with a doctor, pharmacist,
nurse, or other authorized healthcare practitioner and to check
product information (including package inserts) regarding
dosage, precautions, warnings, interactions, and
contraindications before administering any drug, herb, or
supplement discussed herein.
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