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| Ulcer Medications |
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| Proton Pump Inhibitors
(Gastric Acid Secretion Inhibitors) |
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| Depletions |
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| Vitamin
B12 (Cobalamin) |
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Symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency are rare
because it takes years to develop complications associated with
long-term depletion of this nutrient. Irritability, weakness,
numbness, anemia, loss of appetite, headache, personality
changes, and confusion are some of the signs and symptoms
associated with vitamin B12 depletion. Low levels of
this vitamin may also be associated with an increased risk of
colon cancer, heart disease, brain disorders, and birth defects.
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| Editorial Note |
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The selected depletions information presented here identifies
some of the nutrients that may be depleted by certain
medications. The signs and symptoms associated with nutrient
deficiency may also indicate conditions other than nutrient
deficiency. If you are experiencing any of the signs or symptoms
mentioned, it does not necessarily mean that you are nutrient
deficient. Nutrient depletion depends upon a number of factors,
including your medical history, diet, and lifestyle as well as
the length of time you have been taking the medication. Please
consult your healthcare provider; he or she can best assess and
address your individual healthcare needs, and determine if you
are at risk for nutrient depletions from these medications as
well as others not listed here.
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| Supporting Research |
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Ames BN. Micronutrient deficiencies: A major cause of DNA
damage. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2000;889:87-106.
Bellou A, Aimone-Gastin I, De Korwin JD, et al. Cobalamin
deficiency with megaloblastic anaemia in one patient under
long-term omeprazole therapy. J Intern Med.
1996;240(3):161-164.
Berger W. Incidence of severe side effects during therapy
with sulfonylureas and biguanides. Horm Metab Res Suppl.
1985;15:111-115.
Carpentier JL, Bury J, Luyckx A, Lefebvre P. Vitamin B12 and
folic acid serum levels in diabetics under various therapeutic
regimens. Diabetes Metab. 1976;2(4):187-190.
Covington T, ed. Nonprescription Drug Therapy Guiding
Patient Self-Care. St Louis, MO: Facts and Comparisons;
1999:467-545.
Marcuard SP, Albernaz L, Khazanie PG. Omeprazole therapy
causes malabsorption of cyanocobalamin. Ann Intern
Med. 1994;120(3):211-215.
Saltzman JR, Kemp JA, Golner BB, et al. Effect of
hypochlorhydria due to omeprazole treatment or atrophic
gastritis on protein-bound vitamin B12 absorption. J Am Coll
Nutr. 1994;13(6):584-591.
Termanini B, Gibril F, Sutliff VE, et al. Effect of long-term
gastric acid suppressive therapy on serum vitamin B12 levels in
patients with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Am J Med.
1998;104(5):422-430.
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| Review Date: October
2000 |
Reviewed By: All
depletions monographs have been reviewed by a team of experts
including Derrick M. DeSilva, Jr., MD, Raritan Bay Medical
Center, Perth Amboy, NJ; Jacqueline A. Hart, MD, Department of
Internal Medicine, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Harvard University
and Senior Medical Editor, A.D.A.M., Inc., Boston, MA; John
Hinze, PharmD, NMD, Woodbine, IA; Ruth Marlin, MD, Medical
Director and Director of Medical Education, Preventive Medicine
Research Institute, Sausalito, CA; Brian T Sanderoff, PD, BS in
Pharmacy, Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Maryland
School of Pharmacy; President, Your Prescription for Health,
Owings Mills, MD; Leonard Wisneski, MD, FACP, George Washington
University, Rockville, MD; Ira Zunin, MD, MPH, MBA, President
and Chairman, Hawaii State Consortium for Integrative Medicine,
Honolulu, HI.
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Copyright © 2004 A.D.A.M., Inc
The publisher does not accept any
responsibility for the accuracy of the information or the
consequences arising from the application, use, or misuse of any
of the information contained herein, including any injury and/or
damage to any person or property as a matter of product
liability, negligence, or otherwise. No warranty, expressed or
implied, is made in regard to the contents of this material. No
claims or endorsements are made for any drugs or compounds
currently marketed or in investigative use. This material is not
intended as a guide to self-medication. The reader is advised to
discuss the information provided here with a doctor, pharmacist,
nurse, or other authorized healthcare practitioner and to check
product information (including package inserts) regarding
dosage, precautions, warnings, interactions, and
contraindications before administering any drug, herb, or
supplement discussed herein.
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