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| Anti-inflammatory Medications |
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| Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) |
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| Depletions |
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| Iron |
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Depleted levels of iron may lead to anemia and weakened
immune function. In the event of anemia, symptoms include
dizziness, fatigue, shortness of breath, pale skin color, and
possibly irregular heartbeat.
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| Melatonin |
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Reduced levels of melatonin in the body have been associated
with sleep disturbances and jet lag.
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| Vitamin
B9 (Folic Acid) |
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Low levels of folic acid have been linked to anemia, heart
disease, and birth defects.
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| Zinc |
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Signs and symptoms of zinc deficiency include loss of
appetite or sense of taste, growth retardation, skin changes,
and increased susceptibility to infection.
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| Editorial Note |
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The selected depletions information presented here identifies
some of the nutrients that may be depleted by certain
medications. The signs and symptoms associated with nutrient
deficiency may also indicate conditions other than nutrient
deficiency. If you are experiencing any of the signs or symptoms
mentioned, it does not necessarily mean that you are nutrient
deficient. Nutrient depletion depends upon a number of factors,
including your medical history, diet, and lifestyle as well as
the length of time you have been taking the medication. Please
consult your healthcare provider; he or she can best assess and
address your individual healthcare needs, and determine if you
are at risk for nutrient depletions from these medications as
well as others not listed here.
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| Supporting Research |
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Ames BN. Micronutrient deficiencies: A major cause of DNA
damage. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2000;889:87-106.
Arendt J, Bojkowski C, Franey C, Wright J, Marks V.
Immunoassay of 6-hydroxymelatonin sulfate in human plasma and
urine: abolition of the urinary 24-hour rhythm with atenolol. J
Clin Endocrin Metab. 1985;60:1166-1173.
Avery D, Lenz M, Landis C. Guidelines for prescribing
melatonin. Ann Med. 1998;30:122-130.
Baggott, JE, et al. Inhibition of folate-dependent enzymes by
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Biochem. J.
282(Pt.I):197-202, 1992.
Balogh Z, El-Ghobarey AF, Fell GS, et al. Plasma zinc and its
relationship to clinical symptoms and drug treatment in
rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1980;39:329-332.
Bertschinger P, Zala GF, Fried M. [Effect of non-steroidal
antirheumatic agents on the gastrointestinal tract: clinical
aspects and pathophysiology]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr.
1996;126(37):1566-1568.
Bjarnason I, Macpherson AJ. Intestinal toxicity of
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Pharmacol Ther.
1994;62(1-2):145-157.
Covington T, ed. Nonprescription Drug Therapy Guiding
Patient Self-Care. St. Louis, Mo: Facts and Comparisons;
1999: 467-545.
Davies NM. Toxicity of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
in the large intestine. Dis Colon Rectum.
1995;38(12):1311-1321.
Elling H, Kiilerich S, Sabro J, Elling P. Influence of a
non-steroid anti-rheumatic drug on serum and urinary zinc in
healthy volunteers. Scand J Rheumatol. 1980;9:161-163.
Falchuk KH. Disturbances in Trace Elements. In: Fauci A,
Braunwald E, Isselbacher KJ, et al, eds. Harrison's
Principles of Internal Medicine. 14th ed. New
York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies Health Professional Division;
1998:490-491.
Hambidge M. Human zinc deficiency. J Nutr. 2000;130(5S
Suppl):1344S-1349S.
Rommell T, Demisch L. Influence of chronic beta-adrenoreceptor
blocker treatment on melatonin secretion and sleep quality in
patients with essential hypertension. J Neural Transm
[Gen Sect]. 1994;95:39-48.
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| Review Date: October 2000 |
Reviewed By: All depletions
monographs have been reviewed by a team of experts including
Derrick M. DeSilva, Jr., MD, Raritan Bay Medical Center, Perth
Amboy, NJ; Jacqueline A. Hart, MD, Department of Internal
Medicine, Newton-Wellesley Hospital, Harvard University and
Senior Medical Editor, A.D.A.M., Inc., Boston, MA; John Hinze,
PharmD, NMD, Woodbine, IA; Ruth Marlin, MD, Medical Director and
Director of Medical Education, Preventive Medicine Research
Institute, Sausalito, CA; Brian T Sanderoff, PD, BS in Pharmacy,
Clinical Assistant Professor, University of Maryland School of
Pharmacy; President, Your Prescription for Health, Owings Mills,
MD; Leonard Wisneski, MD, FACP, George Washington University,
Rockville, MD; Ira Zunin, MD, MPH, MBA, President and Chairman,
Hawaii State Consortium for Integrative Medicine, Honolulu, HI.
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Copyright © 2004 A.D.A.M., Inc
The publisher does not accept any
responsibility for the accuracy of the information or the
consequences arising from the application, use, or misuse of any
of the information contained herein, including any injury and/or
damage to any person or property as a matter of product
liability, negligence, or otherwise. No warranty, expressed or
implied, is made in regard to the contents of this material. No
claims or endorsements are made for any drugs or compounds
currently marketed or in investigative use. This material is not
intended as a guide to self-medication. The reader is advised to
discuss the information provided here with a doctor, pharmacist,
nurse, or other authorized healthcare practitioner and to check
product information (including package inserts) regarding
dosage, precautions, warnings, interactions, and
contraindications before administering any drug, herb, or
supplement discussed herein.
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